【可视化学习】47-cannon-es的简单使用（二）
发表于：2023-09-28 |

前言

本篇文章内容会比较少，是继续上文的效果讲解，你问我为什么不在一起写，因为我学习的时候因为有事没一起学，间隔了一段时间，如果想要有更好的体验，就先看上一篇文章，再来看这篇文章就好了

流体效果

这里我们创建下基础代码

基础代码

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<template>
    <div></div>
  </template>
  
  <script setup>
  import * as THREE from "three";
  import { OrbitControls } from "three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js";
  import * as CANNON from "cannon-es";
  // 初始化物理世界
  const world = new CANNON.World();
  // 设置重力
  world.gravity.set(0, -9.82, 0);
  
  // 初始化3D场景
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();
  // 初始化相机
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(
    75,
    window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight,
    0.1,
    1000
  );
  camera.position.set(0, 10, 20);
  camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
  
  // 初始化渲染器
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
  
  // 初始化控制器
  const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
  controls.enableDamping = true;
  
  let phyMeshes = [];
  let meshes = [];
  
  // 渲染
  let clock = new THREE.Clock();
  function animate() {
    let delta = clock.getDelta();
    world.step(1 / 60, delta);
  
    for (let i = 0; i < phyMeshes.length; i++) {
      meshes[i].position.copy(phyMeshes[i].position);
      meshes[i].quaternion.copy(phyMeshes[i].quaternion);
    }
  
    controls.update();
    renderer.render(scene, camera);
    requestAnimationFrame(animate);
  }
  
  animate();
  </script>
  
  <style>
  * {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
  
  canvas {
    width: 100vw;
    height: 100vh;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
  }
  </style>

添加五面立方体

创建地面

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// 创建地面
    const groundShape = new CANNON.Plane();
    const groundBody = new CANNON.Body({
    mass: 0,
    shape: groundShape,
    material: new CANNON.Material(),
    });
    groundBody.quaternion.setFromAxisAngle(new CANNON.Vec3(1, 0, 0), -Math.PI / 2);
    world.addBody(groundBody);
    phyMeshes.push(groundBody);

    const groundMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
    new THREE.PlaneGeometry(10, 10),
    new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
        color: 0x666666,
    })
    );
    groundMesh.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
    scene.add(groundMesh);
    meshes.push(groundMesh);

效果图

创建其他四面

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 // 创建前后左右四个平面
const planeShape = new CANNON.Plane();
const planeBody1 = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 0,
  shape: planeShape,
  material: new CANNON.Material(),
});
planeBody1.quaternion.setFromAxisAngle(new CANNON.Vec3(0, 1, 0), -Math.PI / 2);
planeBody1.position.set(5, 5, 0);
world.addBody(planeBody1);
phyMeshes.push(planeBody1);

const planeMesh1 = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.PlaneGeometry(10, 10),
  new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: 0x666666,
    wireframe: true,
  })
);
planeMesh1.position.copy(planeBody1.position);
planeMesh1.quaternion.copy(planeBody1.quaternion);
scene.add(planeMesh1);
meshes.push(planeMesh1);

const planeBody2 = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 0,
  shape: planeShape,
  material: new CANNON.Material(),
});
planeBody2.quaternion.setFromAxisAngle(new CANNON.Vec3(0, 1, 0), Math.PI / 2);
planeBody2.position.set(-5, 5, 0);
world.addBody(planeBody2);
phyMeshes.push(planeBody2);

const planeMesh2 = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.PlaneGeometry(10, 10),
  new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: 0x666666,
    wireframe: true,
  })
);
planeMesh2.position.copy(planeBody2.position);
planeMesh2.quaternion.copy(planeBody2.quaternion);
scene.add(planeMesh2);
meshes.push(planeMesh2);

const planeBody3 = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 0,
  shape: planeShape,
  material: new CANNON.Material(),
});
planeBody3.quaternion.setFromAxisAngle(new CANNON.Vec3(1, 0, 0), Math.PI);
planeBody3.position.set(0, 5, 5);
world.addBody(planeBody3);
phyMeshes.push(planeBody3);

const planeMesh3 = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.PlaneGeometry(10, 10),
  new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: 0x666666,
    wireframe: true,
  })
);
planeMesh3.position.copy(planeBody3.position);
planeMesh3.quaternion.copy(planeBody3.quaternion);
scene.add(planeMesh3);
meshes.push(planeMesh3);

const planeBody4 = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 0,
  shape: planeShape,
  material: new CANNON.Material(),
});
planeBody4.position.set(0, 5, -5);

world.addBody(planeBody4);
phyMeshes.push(planeBody4);

const planeMesh4 = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.PlaneGeometry(10, 10),
  new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: 0x666666,
    wireframe: true,
  })
);
planeMesh4.position.copy(planeBody4.position);
planeMesh4.quaternion.copy(planeBody4.quaternion);
scene.add(planeMesh4);
meshes.push(planeMesh4);

效果图

添加流体

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// 创建SPH流体系统
const sphSystem = new CANNON.SPHSystem();
// 流体密度
sphSystem.density = 1;
// 流体粘度
sphSystem.viscosity = 0.01;
// 流体交互距离
sphSystem.smoothingRadius = 1;
// 将流体系统添加到世界中
world.subsystems.push(sphSystem);

// 创建流体粒子
const particleShape = new CANNON.Particle();
const sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.1, 10, 10);
const sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
  color: 0xff0000,
});
const particleMaterial = new CANNON.Material();
for (let i = 0; i < 400; i++) {
  const particleBody = new CANNON.Body({
    mass: 0.01,
    shape: particleShape,
    material: particleMaterial,
  });
  particleBody.position.set(Math.random() * -0.5, 10 + i, Math.random() * -0.5);
  world.addBody(particleBody);
  phyMeshes.push(particleBody);
  // 将粒子添加到流体系统中
  // sphSystem.particles.push(particleBody);
  sphSystem.add(particleBody);

  // threejs小球
  const particleMesh = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);
  particleMesh.position.copy(particleBody.position);
  scene.add(particleMesh);
  meshes.push(particleMesh);
}

刚体车辆效果

基础代码保持不变

创建地面

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// 创建地面
const groundShape = new CANNON.Plane();
const groundBody = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 0,
  shape: groundShape,
  material: new CANNON.Material(),
});
groundBody.quaternion.setFromAxisAngle(new CANNON.Vec3(1, 0, 0), -Math.PI / 2);
world.addBody(groundBody);
phyMeshes.push(groundBody);

const groundMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.PlaneGeometry(100, 100),
  new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: 0x666666,
  })
);
groundMesh.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
scene.add(groundMesh);
meshes.push(groundMesh);

效果图

创建车身

这里我们不把他直接加到物理世界去

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// 创建车身
const chassisShape = new CANNON.Box(new CANNON.Vec3(5, 0.5, 2));
const chassisBody = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 100,
  shape: chassisShape,
});
chassisBody.position.set(0, 5, 0);
// world.addBody(chassisBody);
phyMeshes.push(chassisBody);

// three.js的车身
const chassisMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.BoxGeometry(10, 1, 4),
  new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: 0x660066,
  })
);
scene.add(chassisMesh);
meshes.push(chassisMesh);

效果图

创建车轮以及将整车添加到物理世界

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// 创建轮子
// 创建车轮形状
// const wheelShape = new CANNON.Cylinder(0.5, 0.5, 1, 20);
const wheelShape = new CANNON.Sphere(1.5);
const wheelBody1 = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 1,
  shape: wheelShape,
});
vehicle.addWheel({
  body: wheelBody1,
  // 轮子位置
  position: new CANNON.Vec3(-4, -0.5, 3.5),
  // 旋转轴
  axis: new CANNON.Vec3(0, 0, -1),
  direction: new CANNON.Vec3(0, -1, 0),
});
// world.addBody(wheelBody1);
phyMeshes.push(wheelBody1);

// three.js的车轮
const wheelMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
  color: 0x660000,
  wireframe: true,
});
const wheelGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(1.5, 8, 8);
const wheelMesh1 = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.SphereGeometry(1.5, 8, 8),
  wheelMaterial
);
scene.add(wheelMesh1);
meshes.push(wheelMesh1);

const wheelBody2 = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 1,
  shape: wheelShape,
});
vehicle.addWheel({
  body: wheelBody2,
  // 轮子位置
  position: new CANNON.Vec3(4, -0.5, 3.5),
  // 旋转轴
  axis: new CANNON.Vec3(0, 0, -1),
  direction: new CANNON.Vec3(0, -1, 0),
});
// world.addBody(wheelBody2);
phyMeshes.push(wheelBody2);

// three.js的车轮
const wheelMesh2 = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.SphereGeometry(1.5, 8, 8),
  wheelMaterial
);
scene.add(wheelMesh2);
meshes.push(wheelMesh2);

const wheelBody3 = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 1,
  shape: wheelShape,
});
vehicle.addWheel({
  body: wheelBody3,
  // 轮子位置
  position: new CANNON.Vec3(-4, -0.5, -3.5),
  // 旋转轴
  axis: new CANNON.Vec3(0, 0, -1),
  direction: new CANNON.Vec3(0, -1, 0),
});
// world.addBody(wheelBody3);
phyMeshes.push(wheelBody3);

// three.js的车轮
const wheelMesh3 = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.SphereGeometry(1.5, 8, 8),
  wheelMaterial
);
scene.add(wheelMesh3);
meshes.push(wheelMesh3);

const wheelBody4 = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 1,
  shape: wheelShape,
});
vehicle.addWheel({
  body: wheelBody4,
  // 轮子位置
  position: new CANNON.Vec3(4, -0.5, -3.5),
  // 旋转轴
  axis: new CANNON.Vec3(0, 0, -1),
  direction: new CANNON.Vec3(0, -1, 0),
});
// world.addBody(wheelBody4);
phyMeshes.push(wheelBody4);

// three.js的车轮
const wheelMesh4 = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.SphereGeometry(1.5, 8, 8),
  wheelMaterial
);
scene.add(wheelMesh4);
meshes.push(wheelMesh4);

// 设置完毕之后，将车子添加到世界中
vehicle.addToWorld(world);

控制车子运动

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// 控制车子
window.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
  console.log(event.key);
  if (event.key === "w") {
    // setWheelForce(力，轮子编号)
    vehicle.setWheelForce(-100, 0);
    vehicle.setWheelForce(-100, 2);
  }
  if (event.key === "s") {
    vehicle.setWheelForce(100, 0);
    vehicle.setWheelForce(100, 2);
  }
  if (event.key == "a") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(Math.PI / 4, 0);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(Math.PI / 4, 2);
  }
  if (event.key == "d") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(-Math.PI / 4, 0);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(-Math.PI / 4, 2);
  }
});
window.addEventListener("keyup", (event) => {
  if (event.key === "w") {
    vehicle.setWheelForce(0, 0);
    vehicle.setWheelForce(0, 2);
  }
  if (event.key === "s") {
    vehicle.setWheelForce(0, 0);
    vehicle.setWheelForce(0, 2);
  }
  if (event.key == "a") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(0, 0);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(0, 2);
  }
  if (event.key == "d") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(0, 0);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(0, 2);
  }
});

悬架车辆效果

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<template>
  <div></div>
</template>

<script setup>
import * as THREE from "three";
import { OrbitControls } from "three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js";
import * as CANNON from "cannon-es";
// 初始化物理世界
const world = new CANNON.World();
// 设置重力
world.gravity.set(0, -9.82, 0);

// Sweep and prune broadphase
world.broadphase = new CANNON.SAPBroadphase(world);

// Disable friction by default
world.defaultContactMaterial.friction = 0;

// 初始化3D场景
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
// 初始化相机
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(
  75,
  window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight,
  0.1,
  1000
);
camera.position.set(0, 10, 20);
camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);

// 初始化渲染器
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

// 初始化控制器
const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
controls.enableDamping = true;

let phyMeshes = [];
let meshes = [];

// 创建地面
// const groundShape = new CANNON.Plane();
const groundPhyMaterial = new CANNON.Material("ground");
const groundShape = new CANNON.Box(new CANNON.Vec3(50, 0.2, 50));
const groundBody = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 0,
  shape: groundShape,
  material: groundPhyMaterial,
});
// groundBody.quaternion.setFromAxisAngle(new CANNON.Vec3(1, 0, 0), -Math.PI / 2);
world.addBody(groundBody);
phyMeshes.push(groundBody);

const groundMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
  // new THREE.PlaneGeometry(100, 100),
  new THREE.BoxGeometry(100, 0.4, 100),
  new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: 0x666666,
  })
);
// groundMesh.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
scene.add(groundMesh);
meshes.push(groundMesh);

// 创建车身
const chassisShape = new CANNON.Box(new CANNON.Vec3(2, 0.5, 1));
const chassisBody = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 150,
  shape: chassisShape,
});
chassisBody.position.set(0, 14, 0);
world.addBody(chassisBody);
phyMeshes.push(chassisBody);

// three.js的车身
const chassisMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 1, 2),
  new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: 0x660066,
  })
);
scene.add(chassisMesh);
meshes.push(chassisMesh);

// 创建拥有悬架的车辆
const vehicle = new CANNON.RaycastVehicle({
  chassisBody,
});

const wheelOptions = {
  // 轮子半径
  radius: 1,
  // 本地坐标系中的轮子位置
  // directionLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(0, -1, 0),
  suspensionStiffness: 30, // 悬架的刚度
  suspensionRestLength: 0.3, // 悬架的休息长度
  // frictionSlip: 1.4, // 滑动摩擦力
  dampingRelaxation: 2.3, // 振动
  dampingCompression: 4.4, // 压缩
  maxSuspensionForce: 100000, // 最大悬架力
  // rollInfluence: 0.1, // 滚动影响
  axleLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(0, 0, 1), // 本地坐标系中的轴
  chassisConnectionPointLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(-1, 0, 1), // 本地坐标系中的车身连接点
  maxSuspensionTravel: 0.2, // 最大悬架行程
  // customSlidingRotationalSpeed: -30,
  // useCustomSlidingRotationalSpeed: true,
};

vehicle.addWheel({
  ...wheelOptions,
  chassisConnectionPointLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(-1, 0, 1),
});

vehicle.addWheel({
  ...wheelOptions,
  chassisConnectionPointLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(-1, 0, -1),
});

vehicle.addWheel({
  ...wheelOptions,
  chassisConnectionPointLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(1, 0, 1),
});

vehicle.addWheel({
  ...wheelOptions,
  chassisConnectionPointLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(1, 0, -1),
});

vehicle.addToWorld(world);

const wheelBodies = [];

// 创建轮子
// 创建车轮形状
const wheelShape = new CANNON.Cylinder(0.5, 0.5, 0.2, 20);
// const wheelShape = new CANNON.Sphere(0.5);
// three.js的车轮
const wheelMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
  color: 0x660000,
  wireframe: true,
});
// const wheelGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.5, 8, 8);
const wheelGeometry = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.5, 0.5, 0.2, 20);

const wheelPhyMaterial = new CANNON.Material("wheel");

const wheel_ground = new CANNON.ContactMaterial(
  wheelPhyMaterial,
  groundPhyMaterial,
  {
    friction: 0,
    restitution: 0,
    contactEquationStiffness: 1000,
  }
);
world.addContactMaterial(wheel_ground);

for (let i = 0; i < vehicle.wheelInfos.length; i++) {
  const wheelBody = new CANNON.Body({
    mass: 0,
    // shape: wheelShape,
    // type: CANNON.Body.KINEMATIC,
    // collisionFilterGroup: 0, // turn off collisions
    material: wheelPhyMaterial,
  });
  wheelBody.type = CANNON.Body.KINEMATIC;
  wheelBody.collisionFilterGroup = 0;
  // wheelBody.addShape(wheelShape);
  wheelBodies.push(wheelBody);
  // world.addBody(wheelBody);
  phyMeshes.push(wheelBody);

  const wheelMesh = new THREE.Mesh(wheelGeometry, wheelMaterial);
  wheelMesh.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
  const wheelObj = new THREE.Object3D();
  wheelObj.add(wheelMesh);
  scene.add(wheelObj);
  meshes.push(wheelObj);
}

world.addEventListener("postStep", () => {
  // 更新车轮的位置
  wheelBodies.forEach((wheelBody, index) => {
    vehicle.updateWheelTransform(index);
    wheelBody.position.copy(vehicle.wheelInfos[index].worldTransform.position);
    wheelBody.quaternion.copy(
      vehicle.wheelInfos[index].worldTransform.quaternion
    );
  });
});

// 设置完毕之后，将车子添加到世界中
// vehicle.addToWorld(world);

// console.log(vehicle);
// console.log(world);

// 控制车子
window.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
  // console.log(event.key);
  if (event.key === "w") {
    // setWheelForce(力，轮子编号)
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(1000, 0);
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(1000, 1);
    // vehicle.applyEngineForce(10000, 2);
    // vehicle.applyEngineForce(10000, 3);
  }
  if (event.key === "s") {
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(-1000, 0);
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(-1000, 1);
  }
  if (event.key == "a") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(Math.PI / 4, 2);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(Math.PI / 4, 3);
  }
  if (event.key == "d") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(-Math.PI / 4, 2);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(-Math.PI / 4, 3);
  }
});
window.addEventListener("keyup", (event) => {
  if (event.key === "w") {
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(0, 0);
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(0, 1);
  }
  if (event.key === "s") {
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(0, 0);
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(0, 1);
  }
  if (event.key == "a") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(0, 2);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(0, 3);
  }
  if (event.key == "d") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(0, 2);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(0, 3);
  }
});

// 渲染
let clock = new THREE.Clock();
function animate() {
  let delta = clock.getDelta();
  world.step(1 / 60, delta);

  for (let i = 0; i < phyMeshes.length; i++) {
    meshes[i].position.copy(phyMeshes[i].position);
    meshes[i].quaternion.copy(phyMeshes[i].quaternion);
  }

  controls.update();
  renderer.render(scene, camera);
  requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}

animate();
</script>

<style>
* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

canvas {
  width: 100vw;
  height: 100vh;
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
}
</style>

效果图

增加效果展示

这里我添加了刹车和重置，以及给车体换了个颜色

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<template>
  <div></div>
</template>

<script setup>
import * as THREE from "three";
import { OrbitControls } from "three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js";
import * as CANNON from "cannon-es";
// 初始化物理世界
const world = new CANNON.World();
// 设置重力
world.gravity.set(0, -9.82, 0);

// Sweep and prune broadphase
world.broadphase = new CANNON.SAPBroadphase(world);

// Disable friction by default
world.defaultContactMaterial.friction = 0;

// 初始化3D场景
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
// 初始化相机
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(
  75,
  window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight,
  0.1,
  1000
);
camera.position.set(0, 10, 20);
camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);

// 初始化渲染器
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

// 初始化控制器
const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
controls.enableDamping = true;

let phyMeshes = [];
let meshes = [];

// 创建地面
let groundShape = new CANNON.Box(new CANNON.Vec3(50, 0.5, 50));

const groundPhyMaterial = new CANNON.Material("groundMaterial");
let groundBody = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 0,
  shape: groundShape,
});
world.addBody(groundBody);

// 创建threejs地面
let groundMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.BoxGeometry(100, 1, 100),
  new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x888888 })
);
scene.add(groundMesh);

// 创建车身
let chassisShape = new CANNON.Box(new CANNON.Vec3(2, 0.5, 1));
let chassisBody = new CANNON.Body({
  mass: 150,
  shape: chassisShape,
});
chassisBody.position.set(0, 5, 0);
world.addBody(chassisBody);
phyMeshes.push(chassisBody);

// 创建threejs车身
let chassisMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
  new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 1, 2),
  new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 })
);
scene.add(chassisMesh);
meshes.push(chassisMesh);

// 创建拥有悬架的车辆
const vehicle = new CANNON.RaycastVehicle({
  chassisBody: chassisBody,
});

// 设置车轮配置
const wheelOptions = {
  // 车轮半径
  radius: 0.5,
  directionLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(0, -1, 0),
  // 设置悬架的刚度
  suspensionStiffness: 30,
  // 设置悬架的休息长度
  suspensionRestLength: 0.3,
  // 设置车轮的滑动摩擦力
  frictionSlip: 1.4,
  // 设置拉伸的阻尼
  dampingRelaxation: 2.3,
  // 设置压缩的阻尼
  dampingCompression: 4.4,
  // 最大的悬架力
  maxSuspensionForce: 100000,
  // 设置最大的悬架行程
  maxSuspensionTravel: 0.2,
  // 车轮的转向轴
  axleLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(0, 0, 1),
};

// 添加车轮
vehicle.addWheel({
  ...wheelOptions,
  // 设置车轮的位置
  chassisConnectionPointLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(-1, 0, 1),
});

vehicle.addWheel({
  ...wheelOptions,
  // 设置车轮的位置
  chassisConnectionPointLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(-1, 0, -1),
});

vehicle.addWheel({
  ...wheelOptions,
  // 设置车轮的位置
  chassisConnectionPointLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(1, 0, 1),
});

vehicle.addWheel({
  ...wheelOptions,
  // 设置车轮的位置
  chassisConnectionPointLocal: new CANNON.Vec3(1, 0, -1),
});

vehicle.addToWorld(world);

// 创建threejs车轮
const wheelBodies = [];

// 车轮形状
const wheelShape = new CANNON.Cylinder(0.5, 0.5, 0.2, 20);
const wheelGeometry = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.5, 0.5, 0.2, 20);
const wheelMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
  color: 0xff0000,
  wireframe: true,
});

for (let i = 0; i < vehicle.wheelInfos.length; i++) {
  const wheel = vehicle.wheelInfos[i];
  const cylinderBody = new CANNON.Body({
    mass: 0,
    shape: wheelShape,
  });
  cylinderBody.addShape(wheelShape);
  // world.addBody(cylinderBody);
  phyMeshes.push(cylinderBody);
  wheelBodies.push(cylinderBody);

  const cylinderMesh = new THREE.Mesh(wheelGeometry, wheelMaterial);
  cylinderMesh.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
  const wheelObj = new THREE.Object3D();
  wheelObj.add(cylinderMesh);
  scene.add(wheelObj);
  meshes.push(wheelObj);
}

world.addEventListener("postStep", () => {
  for (let i = 0; i < vehicle.wheelInfos.length; i++) {
    vehicle.updateWheelTransform(i);
    const t = vehicle.wheelInfos[i].worldTransform;
    const wheelBody = wheelBodies[i];
    wheelBody.position.copy(t.position);
    wheelBody.quaternion.copy(t.quaternion);
  }
});

window.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
  if (event.key == "w") {
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(1000, 2);
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(1000, 3);
  }
  if (event.key == "s") {
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(-1000, 2);
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(-1000, 3);
  }
  if (event.key == "a") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(Math.PI / 4, 2);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(Math.PI / 4, 3);
  }
  if (event.key == "d") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(-Math.PI / 4, 2);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(-Math.PI / 4, 3);
  }
  // 按下r重置车辆
  // console.log(event.key);
  if (event.key == "r") {
    chassisBody.velocity.set(0, 0, 0);
    chassisBody.angularVelocity.set(0, 0, 0);
    chassisBody.position.set(0, 10, 0);
  }
  // 空格刹车
  if (event.key == " ") {
    vehicle.setBrake(100, 0);
    vehicle.setBrake(100, 1);
  }
});

window.addEventListener("keyup", (event) => {
  if (event.key == "w" || event.key == "s") {
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(0, 2);
    vehicle.applyEngineForce(0, 3);
  }
  if (event.key == "a" || event.key == "d") {
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(0, 2);
    vehicle.setSteeringValue(0, 3);
  }
  if (event.key == " ") {
    vehicle.setBrake(0, 0);
    vehicle.setBrake(0, 1);
  }
});

// 渲染
let clock = new THREE.Clock();
function animate() {
  let delta = clock.getDelta();
  world.step(1 / 60, delta);

  for (let i = 0; i < phyMeshes.length; i++) {
    meshes[i].position.copy(phyMeshes[i].position);
    meshes[i].quaternion.copy(phyMeshes[i].quaternion);
  }

  controls.update();
  renderer.render(scene, camera);
  requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}

animate();
</script>

<style>
* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

canvas {
  width: 100vw;
  height: 100vh;
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
}
</style>

结语

本篇文章就到此结束了，更多内容敬请期待~

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